大多数可用的图像数据通常以压缩格式存储,JPEG从中最广泛地存储。为了在卷积神经网络(CNN)上提供这些数据,需要进行初步解码过程才能获得RGB像素,要求高计算负载和内存使用。因此,近年来,用于处理JPEG压缩数据的CNN的设计引起了人们的关注。在大多数现有作品中,典型的CNN体​​系结构都可以通过DCT系数而不是RGB像素来促进学习。尽管它们是有效的,但其建筑变化要么提高了计算成本,要么从DCT输入中忽略了相关信息。在本文中,我们研究了为DCT输入而设计的CNN的不同方法,从而利用学习策略来通过充分利用DCT输入来降低计算复杂性。我们的实验是在Imagenet数据集上进行的。结果表明,学习如何以数据驱动的方式组合所有DCT输入比手工丢弃它们更好,并且它与减少层的结合已被证明可以有效地降低计算成本,同时保持准确性。
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通常,基于生物谱系的控制系统可能不依赖于各个预期行为或合作适当运行。相反,这种系统应该了解未经授权的访问尝试的恶意程序。文献中提供的一些作品建议通过步态识别方法来解决问题。这些方法旨在通过内在的可察觉功能来识别人类,尽管穿着衣服或配件。虽然该问题表示相对长时间的挑战,但是为处理问题的大多数技术存在与特征提取和低分类率相关的几个缺点,以及其他问题。然而,最近的深度学习方法是一种强大的一组工具,可以处理几乎任何图像和计算机视觉相关问题,为步态识别提供最重要的结果。因此,这项工作提供了通过步态认可的关于生物识别检测的最近作品的调查汇编,重点是深入学习方法,强调他们的益处,暴露出弱点。此外,它还呈现用于解决相关约束的数据集,方法和体系结构的分类和表征描述。
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Traditionally, data analysis and theory have been viewed as separate disciplines, each feeding into fundamentally different types of models. Modern deep learning technology is beginning to unify these two disciplines and will produce a new class of predictively powerful space weather models that combine the physical insights gained by data and theory. We call on NASA to invest in the research and infrastructure necessary for the heliophysics' community to take advantage of these advances.
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Machine Learning algorithms have been extensively researched throughout the last decade, leading to unprecedented advances in a broad range of applications, such as image classification and reconstruction, object recognition, and text categorization. Nonetheless, most Machine Learning algorithms are trained via derivative-based optimizers, such as the Stochastic Gradient Descent, leading to possible local optimum entrapments and inhibiting them from achieving proper performances. A bio-inspired alternative to traditional optimization techniques, denoted as meta-heuristic, has received significant attention due to its simplicity and ability to avoid local optimums imprisonment. In this work, we propose to use meta-heuristic techniques to fine-tune pre-trained weights, exploring additional regions of the search space, and improving their effectiveness. The experimental evaluation comprises two classification tasks (image and text) and is assessed under four literature datasets. Experimental results show nature-inspired algorithms' capacity in exploring the neighborhood of pre-trained weights, achieving superior results than their counterpart pre-trained architectures. Additionally, a thorough analysis of distinct architectures, such as Multi-Layer Perceptron and Recurrent Neural Networks, attempts to visualize and provide more precise insights into the most critical weights to be fine-tuned in the learning process.
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We introduce M-VADER: a diffusion model (DM) for image generation where the output can be specified using arbitrary combinations of images and text. We show how M-VADER enables the generation of images specified using combinations of image and text, and combinations of multiple images. Previously, a number of successful DM image generation algorithms have been introduced that make it possible to specify the output image using a text prompt. Inspired by the success of those models, and led by the notion that language was already developed to describe the elements of visual contexts that humans find most important, we introduce an embedding model closely related to a vision-language model. Specifically, we introduce the embedding model S-MAGMA: a 13 billion parameter multimodal decoder combining components from an autoregressive vision-language model MAGMA and biases finetuned for semantic search.
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Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.
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传播模型已被证明对各种应用程序有效,例如图像,音频和图形生成。其他重要的应用是图像超分辨率和逆问题的解决方案。最近,一些作品使用了随机微分方程(SDE)将扩散模型推广到连续时间。在这项工作中,我们介绍SDE来生成超分辨率的面部图像。据我们所知,这是SDE首次用于此类应用程序。所提出的方法比基于扩散模型的现有超级分辨率方法提供了改进的峰值信噪比(PSNR),结构相似性指数(SSIM)和一致性。特别是,我们还评估了该方法在面部识别任务中的潜在应用。通用面部特征提取器用于比较超分辨率图像与地面真相,并获得了与其他方法相比,获得了卓越的结果。我们的代码可在https://github.com/marcelowds/sr-sde上公开获取
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当歌曲创作或演奏时,歌手/词曲作者通常会出现通过它表达感受或情感的意图。对于人类而言,将音乐作品或表演中的情感与观众的主观感知相匹配可能会非常具有挑战性。幸运的是,此问题的机器学习方法更简单。通常,它需要一个数据集,从该数据集中提取音频功能以将此信息呈现给数据驱动的模型,从而又将训练以预测给定歌曲与目标情绪匹配的概率是什么。在本文中,我们研究了最近出版物中最常见的功能和模型来解决此问题,揭示了哪些最适合在无伴奏歌曲中识别情感。
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对制造工艺的机器化的需求很大,因此单调劳动。一些需要特定技能的制造任务(焊接,绘画等)缺乏工人。机器人已在这些任务中使用,但是它们的灵活性受到限制,因为它们仍然很难通过非专家编程/重新编程,从而使它们无法访问大多数公司。机器人离线编程(OLP)是可靠的。但是,直接来自CAD/CAM的生成路径不包括代表人类技能的相关参数,例如机器人最终效应器的方向和速度。本文提出了一个直观的机器人编程系统,以捕捉人类制造技能并将其转变为机器人程序。使用连接到工作工具的磁跟踪系统记录人类熟练工人的演示。收集的数据包括工作路径的方向和速度。位置数据是从CAD/CAM中提取的,因为磁跟踪器捕获时的误差很明显。路径姿势在笛卡尔空间中转换,并在模拟环境中进行验证。生成机器人程序并将其转移到真正的机器人。关于玻璃粘合剂应用过程的实验证明了拟议框架捕获人类技能并将其转移到机器人方面的使用和有效性的直觉。
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太阳能动力学天文台(SDO)是NASA多光谱十年的长达任务,每天都在日常产生来自Sun的观测数据的trabytes,以证明机器学习方法的潜力并铺路未来深空任务计划的方式。特别是,在最近的几项研究中提出了使用图像到图像翻译实际上产生极端超紫罗兰通道的想法,这是一种增强任务较少通道的提高任务的方法,并且由于低下链接而减轻了挑战。深空的速率。本文通过关注四个通道和基于编码器的建筑的排列来研究这种深度学习方法的潜力和局限性,并特别注意太阳表面的形态特征和亮度如何影响神经网络预测。在这项工作中,我们想回答以下问题:可以将通过图像到图像翻译产生的太阳电晕的合成图像用于太阳的科学研究吗?分析强调,神经网络在计数率(像素强度)上产生高质量的图像,通常可以在1%误差范围内跨通道跨通道重现协方差。但是,模型性能在极高的能量事件(如耀斑)的对应关系中大大减少,我们认为原因与此类事件的稀有性有关,这对模型训练构成了挑战。
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